Other new cases of COVID across Australia were predominately from overseas and the risk of further transmission was managed through hotel quarantine. In between survey cycles, Victoria had implemented a day lockdown in some areas to manage the local spread of the virus.
The lockdown ended at the start of the survey, but some restrictions remained in place. In the last days of the survey, New South Wales began implementing new measures in some areas, such as mandatory face mask requirements. Queensland was yet to change their restrictions when the survey ended. Other states and territories had eased restrictions other than for large gatherings or occasions where social distancing is difficult. This included people aged 70 years and over, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 50 years and over, people with disability or an underlying medical condition and a range of workers in specific roles.
At the time of the survey, this included people aged 40 years and over, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 16 to 49 years, National Disability Insurance Scheme NDIS participants aged 16 years and over and other critical and high-risk workers. The survey asked Australians about feelings that had an adverse impact on their emotional and mental wellbeing.
The feelings asked about were those associated with experiences of anxiety and depression. People were asked how frequently in the previous four weeks they felt:.
These questions were also asked in March and November A subset of six of these questions K6 was also asked in August While the proportion of people reporting these feelings decreased between August and November , there has been little change since then. The full set of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10 questions asked in November and March and June allows for reporting of levels of psychological distress.
People who reported experiencing any of the feelings referred to were asked if they had discussed these feelings with a doctor or other health professional. In June , the survey revisited questions asked in previous months about how strongly people agreed or disagreed with statements about a COVID vaccine.
This included people aged 40 years and over, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 16 years and over, people with disability or an underlying medical condition and a range of workers in specific roles.
Different types of vaccine were available depending on eligibility criteria. Data reported below was derived from responses to the survey. Similar questions were asked in previous months. From April people who had already received a COVID vaccine were included with the strongly agree responses for reporting purposes. In June , of people who said they would get a COVID vaccine when it was available to them, the factors most affecting the decision were:. The most common reasons were:.
Individual group participation has also been derived based on responses. For example, disability has been derived from a subset of questions from the ABS Short Disability Module to allow for the broad comparison of the characteristics of people with and without disability. People with disability as reported in this survey were more likely than those without disability to be motivated to get a COVID vaccination:.
Of those who had not received a COVID vaccination, the most common factors impacting their ability to get one were:. From 11 to 20 June , the survey asked Australians how likely they were to get a COVID test if they had symptoms of a respiratory infection, such as a sore throat, cough, fever or aches and pains.
Those who would definitely get a COVID test if they had mild respiratory infection symptoms were more likely to be:. In June, common reasons people would not get a COVID test if they had mild respiratory infection symptoms included:. At the time of the survey 11 to 20 June , Victoria was emerging from a day lockdown in some areas. All other states and territories had eased most restrictions. In the final days of the survey, new COVID clusters started to emerge in New South Wales resulting in mandatory facemask requirements, however this was introduced too late to impact most survey responses for the state.
When broken down by main source of household income MSHI there are significant differences in the expected change to household income. When broken down by total weekly household income TWHI there are also significant differences in the expected change to household income.
The survey also asked questions on household savings and planned actions with money already saved or expected to save. In June , the survey asked questions on expected household spending over the next 12 months.
Household spending included:. This included some of those who had already begun study or training since January The survey asked people to reflect on how often they participated in selected activities in the last four weeks.
At the start of the survey, parts of Victoria emerged from 14 days of strict lockdown with remaining restrictions impacting social gatherings and businesses throughout the survey period. New South Wales and Queensland identified cases through local transmission towards the end of the survey. Additional restrictions in New South Wales and Queensland were not implemented in time to impact survey responses.
Other states and territories had eased most restrictions. In June , the survey asked whether the COVID pandemic had limited how often people participated in the selected activities in the last four weeks.
Respondents were asked to consider the impacts of COVID on their health and lifestyle and how long they expected it would be before their lives returned to normal. The same question was previously asked in July and November At the start of the survey, parts of Victoria were emerging from 14 days of a strict lockdown with several restrictions remaining in place.
New South Wales introduced mandatory face mask requirements towards the end of the survey due to locally transmitted cases. Other states and territories had removed most restrictions. In July , Victoria had gone into lockdown following the second wave of COVID cases while other states and territories were gradually easing restrictions. The survey collected changes to the job status of Australians when interviewed in mid-June. Responses are weighted and comparisons are included to show how the employment status of people has changed during the COVID pandemic.
The results of the most recent Labour Force Survey, with data in respect of the two weeks from 2 to 15 May , collected over the three weeks from 9 to 29 May , can be found using the following link: Labour Force, Australia, May The June results will be released 15 July The ABS would like to thank all participants for their involvement in the survey. In the broad sense, it refers to all the permanent employees of the government right from the peons and clerks to the top level officials. Presently, we use the term in its broader dimension.
Permanent Character: The civil servants hold permanent jobs in government departments. They mostly join their services during their youths and continue to work as government servants till the age of retirement which is usually 58 to 60 years.
Hierarchical Organisation: Bureaucracy is hierarchically organised in several levels. Each official is placed at a particular level of hierarchy and he enjoys the privileges and powers which are available to his co-level officials. He is under his immediate higher level officials and is above his immediately lower level officials.
The principle of rule of the higher over the lower governs the inter-relations between various levels of bureaucracy. Non-partisan Character: The members of the Bureaucracy are not directly involved in politics. They cannot join political parties and participate in political movements.
They are not affected by the political changes which keep on coming in the political executive. Whichever party may come to power and make the government, the civil servants remain politically neutral and carry out their assigned departmental roles impartially and faithfully. Professional, Trained and Expert Class: The Bureaucracy constitutes the educated and professionally trained class of persons which helps the political executive in carrying out its functions.
The members of civil service are recruited through competitive examinations for appearing in which they have to possess some minimum educational qualifications. Before their appointments, they get special trainings. During the course of their service they attend orientation and refresher courses. They have the knowledge, training and expertise necessary for carrying out their administrative work.
Fixed Salaries: Each member of the Bureaucracy receives a fixed salary. Right at the time of appointment he is allotted a scale of pay, which depends upon the nature and level of his job-responsibility. All the civil servants belonging to a particular class of administrative hierarchy are placed in one scale of pay. Each job also entitles them to some allowances. Each official works only within the sphere prescribed for him by the rules of his department. Class Consciousness: The Civil Servants are highly class conscious.
They jealously work to protect and promote the interests of their class of civil servants. It always tries to project itself as the civil servants devoted to the promotion of public welfare through the satisfaction of public needs.
Bound by a Code of Conduct: The civil servants have to follow a code of conduct. They have to act in a disciplined way.
Their rights, duties and privileges stand clearly defined. The procedure of work is definite and settled. They can be punished for misbehavior, incompetence or negligence or for a violation of their conduct rules. Role of Bureaucracy: Functions: Bureaucracy or Civil Service plays a key role in running the Public Administration e by performing the following functions: 1.
Implementation of Governmental Policies and Laws: It is the responsibility of the bureaucracy to carry out and implement the policies of the government. Good policies and laws can really serve their objectives only when these are efficiently implemented by the civil servants.
Role in Policy-Formulation: Policy-making is the function of the political executive. However, the Bureaucracy plays an active role in this exercise. Civil Servants supply the data needed by the political executive for formulating the policies. In fact, Civil servants formulate several alternative policies and describe the merits and demerits of each.
The Political Executive then selects and adopts one such policy alternative as the governmental policy. Running of Administration: To run the day to day administration in accordance with the policies, laws, rules, regulations and decisions of the government is also the key responsibility of the Bureaucracy.
The political executive simply exercises guiding, controlling and supervising functions. Advisory Function: One of the important functions of the Bureaucracy is to advise the political executive.
As amateurs, the ministers have little knowledge about the functions of their departments. They, therefore, depend upon the advice of bureaucracy. As qualified, experienced and expert civil servants working in all government departments, they provide expert and professional advice and information to the ministers.
Role in Legislative Work: The civil servants play an important but indirect role in law-making. They draft the bills which the ministers submit to the legislature for law-making.
The ministers provide all the information asked for by the legislature by taking the help of the civil servants. Semi-judicial Work: The emergence of the system of administrative justice, under which several types of the cases and disputes are decided by the executive, has further been a source of increased semi-judicial work of the bureaucracy.
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